Agrawal won the Raipur Town assembly seat in 1990 and held it through successive elections; after delimitation in 2008 he moved to Raipur City South and kept winning, for a total of eight consecutive victories up to 2023. In BJP governments he held ministries including school education, public works, tourism, culture, agriculture and water resources. After the BJP returned to power in Chhattisgarh in December 2023 he became a cabinet minister in the Vishnu Deo Sai government.
Months later the party fielded him from Raipur in the 2024 Lok Sabha election, where he defeated Congress candidate Vikas Upadhyay by more than 5.7 lakh votes. He then resigned from the state cabinet and assembly. He has helped promote cricket in Raipur, which now has an international stadium.
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