He started his political career in 2009, when he won as a Member of Parliament (MP) from Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. He was one of the prime movers on Land Acquisition issue and had introduced a Private Member Bill on Land Acquisition in the Lok Sabha.[7] Jayant Singh Chaudhary was a member of the Standing Committee on Commerce, the Consultative Committee on Finance, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), and the Committee on Government Assurances. He has served previously on the Standing Committees on Agriculture and Finance as well as the Committee on Ethics.
Chaudhary taking charge as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
In July 2022, he was elected a member of the Rajya Sabha as a candidate of the Rashtriya Lok Dal