Dharambir Singh was elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly from Tosham in 1987 on a Lok Dal ticket, defeating former Chief Minister Bansi Lal. He later served as an MLA with the Congress and was Chief Parliamentary Secretary in the Haryana government from 2005 to 2014.
He joined the BJP and won the Bhiwani-Mahendragarh Lok Sabha seat in 2014, defeating Congress candidate Shruti Choudhry, and retained it in 2019. In 2024 he defeated Congress candidate Rao Dan Singh by 41,510 votes (5,88,664 to 5,47,154).
He was state president of the Haryana Handball Association (1987–1996) and has headed the Haryana Swimming Association and the Haryana Olympic Association.