Rahul Gandhi was born on 19 June 1970 at Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, the elder of two children of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. His sister is Priyanka Gandhi Vadra. He is the grandson of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.
He studied at St. Columba's School, New Delhi, and at The Doon School, Dehradun (1981–83). After Indira Gandhi's assassination in 1984, he and his sister were home-schooled for security reasons. He joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi, in 1989. After his father's assassination in 1991 he moved to Harvard University and then to Rollins College in Florida, where he graduated in 1994. He completed an MPhil in Development Studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1995. He was also a competitive pistol shooter as a student.
He worked for three years at the Monitor Group, a management consultancy in London. In 2002 he returned to India and set up a technology consultancy, Backops Services, in Mumbai.