Rajiv Pratap Rudy was born on 30 March 1962 in Patna to Vishwanath Singh and Prabha Singh; his ancestral village is Amnour in Saran district. He studied at St. Michael's High School, Patna, and at Government College and Panjab University, Chandigarh, earning a BA (Hons), an MA in economics and an LLB. He was active in student politics at Panjab University and later taught economics at A.N. College, Patna.