Ravi Shankar Prasad was born on 30 August 1954 in Patna to Thakur Prasad, a senior advocate of the Patna High Court and a founding leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in Bihar, and Bimla Prasad. He earned a BA (Hons), an MA in political science and an LLB from Patna University. He joined the ABVP in 1969 and took part in the student movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan, and was imprisoned during the Emergency.