Baghel was elected to the Bhilai municipal council in 2000 as an independent and contested the 2003 assembly election from Patan as a Nationalist Congress Party candidate. He later joined the BJP and won the Patan assembly seat in 2008, defeating Congress leader Bhupesh Baghel.
In 2019 he won the Durg Lok Sabha seat, and in 2024 he retained it, defeating Congress candidate Rajendra Sahu by 4,38,226 votes (9,56,497 to 5,18,271), according to Election Commission of India figures.
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